Material grade classification in different countries

There are many copper material standards, including Chinese and foreign standards. We generally talk about domestic standards. Domestic copper material standards are divided into industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards. The national standards in copper material standards are divided into recommended standards and mandatory standards. There are also many systems for copper material grades. Including the United States, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Russia.

1.Red copper material grade: pure copper material with a purple-red color. Red copper materials include pure copper, oxygen-free copper, phosphorus deoxidized copper and special copper materials.

2.Brass material grade: copper-zinc alloy material.

3.Bronze material grade: originally refers to copper-tin alloy material, and later refers to copper alloy materials other than brass and white copper.

4.White copper material grade: copper-based alloy material with nickel as the main added element, silver-white and metallic luster.

Comparison of material grades of various national or regional standards:

My country's national standard (GB340-76) stipulates that the brand name of processed copper and copper alloys is represented by "copper type code, element content or sequence number after chemical symbol", among which, the copper type code is the first capital letter of the first Chinese character pinyin, "T" represents pure copper, "Q" represents bronze, and "B" represents white copper.

My country's copper material brands are named according to chemical composition and use:

Pure copper: starts with "T" followed by numbers. T1, T2: industrial pure copper, the smaller the number, the higher the purity.

Oxygen-free copper: starts with "TU". TU1, TU2: oxygen-free copper, with high purity, suitable for occasions with high conductivity requirements.

Copper alloy: letters and numbers represent the main alloy elements and their content. H62: brass, containing 62% copper. QSn6.5-0.1: tin bronze, containing 6.5% tin and 0.1% phosphorus. ZCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3: cast copper alloy, containing copper, zinc, aluminum, etc.

The United States UNS numbering system (ASTME527) stipulates that copper and copper alloys are both coded with 5 digits, expressed as "C+xxxxx (five digits)", among which processed copper is "Cl0000?C15999" and processed copper alloy is "C16000?C79999". This code system is based on the past 3-digit code, and was jointly researched and developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials and the American Society of Automotive Engineers, and has become a component of the United States Metal and Alloy Unified Digital Code System (UNS).

American copper grades often use ASTM standards or UNS numbering systems:

Pure copper: starts with C, followed by five digits. C11000: Electrolytic copper (high purity copper). C10200: Oxygen-free copper.

Brass: C26000: Ordinary brass, containing 30%-40% zinc.

Bronze: C51000: Phosphor bronze.

Beryllium copper: C17200: high-strength beryllium copper, mainly containing beryllium and copper.

The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) processing copper alloy grade representation method is basically the same as the US UNS number (one digit less). That is: C + XXXX (four digits). The first digit represents the alloy series, represented by 2 to 9. The meaning of each number is as follows: 2-copper-zinc alloy; 3-copper-zinc-lead alloy; 4-copper-zinc-tin alloy; 5-copper-tin, copper-tin-lead alloy; 6-copper-aluminum, copper-silicon, special copper-zinc alloy; 7-copper-nickel, copper-nickel-zinc alloy.

Japan's copper material naming rules focus on chemical composition and processing form:

Pure copper: starts with "C" and is followed by four digits. C1100: industrial pure copper, equivalent to China's T2. C1020: oxygen-free copper, equivalent to China's TU2.

Brass: starts with "C" and is followed by four digits. C2800: Ordinary brass, equivalent to China's H62.

Bronze: Starts with "C" followed by four digits. C5191: Phosphor bronze.

Beryllium copper: Starts with "C" followed by four digits. C1720: Beryllium copper.

In the German Industrial Standard (DIN), there are two systems for representing non-ferrous metal materials. One is a brand name composed of chemical element symbols, marking letters and Arabic numerals; the other is a 7-digit code system. In the current DIN technical standard documents, the two systems are used together and listed in comparison with each other.

A Brand name representation method based on chemical elements

According to the provisions of DIN1700-1954, the brand name of processed copper and copper alloys generally consists of two parts:

(1) Marking letters that indicate the manufacturing method and application range. For example: see pure copper in the table;

(2) Directly indicate the alloy composition.

B.Digital code representation method

According to the provisions of DIN17007-1956, the format of the 7-digit code is as follows:

X·XXXX·XX (i.e.: group number·category number·additional number)

Among them: group number - divided into 10 groups, copper and copper alloys are group 2;

category number - represents the specific alloy, mainly compiled according to the chemical composition and preparation method of the material;

additional number - used to mark the method of smelting, pouring, heat treatment, whether there is work hardening, shape, surface condition, etc.

German material grades are based on chemical composition:

Pure copper: Cu-ETP (Electrolytic Tough Pitch): industrial pure copper (equivalent to C11000). Cu-OF (Oxygen-Free): oxygen-free copper (equivalent to C10200).

Brass: CuZn37: brass containing 37% zinc (equivalent to H62).

Bronze: CuSn6: phosphor bronze containing 6% tin (equivalent to C51000).

Beryllium copper: CuBe2: Beryllium copper containing 2% beryllium (equivalent to C17200).

European copper materials are named according to EN standards, and European copper material grades are described by chemical composition and performance:

Pure copper: CW004A: Industrial pure copper (equivalent to C11000). CW008A: Oxygen-free copper (equivalent to C10200).

Brass: CW614N: Brass containing zinc, suitable for machining.

Bronze: CW451K: Bronze containing 6% tin.

Russian copper materials are named according to the ГОСТ standard. The Russian naming method is mainly based on chemical composition:

Pure copper: M1, M2: Industrial pure copper, similar to T1, T2.

Brass: Л63 (Латунь63): Brass containing 63% copper, similar to H62.

Bronze: БрО5Ц5: tin bronze, containing 5% tin and 5% zinc.

Beryllium copper: БрБ2: beryllium copper containing 2% beryllium.

The International Organization for Standardization standard (ISO1190/1-1982) stipulates that the grades of copper and copper alloys are indicated by the chemical composition of the material. All grades should be preceded by the "ISO" prefix, but when it is obvious in international standards or communication documents that ISO grades are used, "ISO" can be omitted for simplicity. The matrix elements and main alloying elements should use the international chemical element symbols, followed by letters indicating the characteristics of the metal or numbers indicating the nominal composition of the alloy.

The ISO naming rules combine chemical composition and main properties:

Pure copper: Cu-ETP: electrolytic copper. Cu-OF: oxygen-free copper.

Copper alloy: CuZn37: brass containing 37% zinc. CuSn6: bronze containing 6% tin.